DBMS History

1950s and early 1960s

• Data processing was using magnetic tapes for storage. However, tapes provide only sequential access

• Punched cards were used for input

Late 1960s and 1970s

• Hard disks started being used and they allowed direct access to data

• Network and hierarchical data models were in widespread use

• Edward Codd defined the relational data model and later won the ACM Turing Award for this work

• IBM Research begun the System R prototype and UC Berkeley begun Ingres prototype

• High-performance transaction processing was introduced

1980s

• Research relational prototypes evolved into commercial systems

• SQL became industrial standard

• Parallel and distributed database systems were used

• Object-oriented database systems were introduced

1990s

• Large decision support and data-mining applications were developed along with large multi-terabyte data warehouses

• The emergence of web commerce and web search engines led to the development of data storage structures and database systems to support web search data

Early 2000s

• XML and XQuery became standards

• Automated database administration was introduced

Late 2000s

• Giant data storage systems were introduced, such as BigTable (Google), Hbase (Apache), PNuts (Yahoo!), Dynamo (Amazon), Cassandra (Facebook), Voldemort (LinkedIn)

• Distributed processing frameworks like MapReduce (Hadoop), Pig (Yahoo!), Dryad (MSFT), etc were introduced